Fields

The East Asia Image Collection makes use of the following metadata fields:

Title

Titles in square brackets are the editor’s translations of Japanese titles, or assigned titles. Titles without brackets are transcribed verbatim from a record’s source material or are the English titles provided in bilingual sources.

Each title is preceded by a bracketed 6-digit record number (i.e. [wa0018] or [gr0195]). Record numbers are in the Title field to facilitate sorting of records listed as search results. The two-letter prefix indicates a subcollection: gr=Warner Taiwan Negativeslw=Michael Lewis Collectionnf=Scenic Taiwanjs=Warner Japan Slidests=Taiwan Photographic Monthly; and wa=Warner Taiwan Postcards. Four-digit numbers represent sequences within subcollections. Each subcollection begins with record number [xx0001]. The record numbers are NOT the numerals followed by a period to the left of the thumbnail on the browsing page. These other numerals, which are also next to the check-boxes, represent a record’s position within the results page. Hence, “results” numbers change each time a user performs a sorting function or uses the “compare” feature. Record numbers are stable. They are used for citation and cross-referencing.

Alternative Title

Titles in any language other than English are contained in the Alternative Title field.

Japanese titles are entered verbatim from Japanese source material. Sino-Japanese characters (kanji/hanzi) are generally entered as modern characters, even if the source material uses older forms.

Chinese titles are translations of Japanese or English titles. They appear in brackets since they are attributed, and do not appear on the artifacts themselves. Chinese titles are being added to images from China and Taiwan.

Korean titles are translations of Japanese or English titles. They appear in brackets since they are attributed, and do not appear on the artifacts themselves. Korean titles are being added to images from Korea.

Outline of Cultural Materials classification

These subject classification terms are developed, updated, and maintained by the Human Relations Area Files (HRAF) at Yale University, a hierarchical ethnographic subject classification index system. The three-digit numerals to the left of each hyperlinked subject heading are Outline of Cultural Materials (OCM) subject codes. Learn more at http://www.yale.edu/hraf/outline.htm.

Description

Information about source material added by the editor and/or contributors.

Inscription

Printed information connected to the images in the record. These have been reproduced (misspellings and idiosyncratic orthography/spellings included) as faithfully as possible. Translated Japanese captions are indicated by square brackets.

Date Scope Note

Printed information on the backs of postcards that provides information relevant to dating the postcard itself (not the image).

Location

Place names are stored as URIs from the GeoNames webservice database, or, in rare situations, Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names (TGN). Most of the displayed location labels are in Pinyin.  Romanized Japanese, Wade-Giles, Kanji, Hanzi, and other commonly used Romanized Chinese equivalents are listed here.

SUbject

Formal, controlled subject terms or headings that describe the people, organizations, events, themes, or topics of the resource.

Ethnicities and/or nationalities are noted in the Subject field, if either people, artifacts, or a built environment connected with these peoples appears in the card.   If there is no controlled OCLC FAST or LCSH subject heading for the ethnicity term, it appears in the Keyword field.  There are numerous alternative Romanized spellings for Taiwanese ethnic groups. The following are the most generally used spellings, and are adopted for subject description of this collection: Han, Atayal, Bunun, Saisiat (Saisiyat), Sao (Thao), Tsou, Paiwan, Ami, Rukai, Puyuma, and Yami.

Research Assistance

Names of Lafayette College students and faculty responsible for data input, translations, research, scanning, color correction, etc. In addition, this field lists names of experts who have provided content, criticisms, and other forms of assistance for a particular image.

Related Resource
  1. Provides a list of records that use the exact same image. Numbers in brackets, such as [ip0002], for example, refer to records in the East Asian Image Collection.”BMC” stands for Busan Museum Collection. These numbers are taken from the eight-volume set published by the museum, Yu Sŭng-hun 유승훈. Sajin yŏpsŏ ro ponŭn kŭndae p’unggyŏng 사진엽서로보는근대풍경[The Looks of Modern Korea from Postcards].MFA” stands for “Museum of Fine Arts” [Boston]. These numbers are taken from the MFA website. The corresponding records can be located by entering the record number in the search box at: http://www.mfa.org/NCL” stands for “National Central Library” [Taipei, Taiwan]. These numbers are taken from the NCL website. The corresponding records can be located by entering the record number in the search box at: http://memory.ncl.edu.tw/tm_new/index.htm

    Published images of the same or similar scenes, people, or objects, but shot from different angles at different times, ARE NOT included in this field. We are counting on users to alert the editor if these images appear in other publications, so we may create a “life history” of each image. Please send your identifications with citation information to barclayp@lafayette.edu and specify how you would like your name to appear in the contributor field.

  2. Author and Year of book, magazine, or pamphlet that contains the same “image.” For this field, “image” is defined as the photograph that appears in the postcard, pamphlet or book. For example, if the photograph in a postcard appears in a book that depicts a differently designed postcard with the same photograph in it, we consider that a “match.”
Physical Medium

Description of the material object captured by the digital image.

Publisher

Publisher, printer, or distributor of postcards, albums, or commercial prints.

Creator

Photographers, painters, and editors associated with original images or sources.

Original Item Extent

Dimensions of source document (pages, postcards, prints).

Date

The date range of the source document (the material object on the scanner).

Associated Date(s)

The date range of the photograph or event itself, later reproduced in an album or as a postcard.

 

NOTE ON DATES

It is difficult to isolate the precise date of publication for a postcard. However, formats dictated by postal regulations, cancellation marks, or written matter often provide upper or lower limits. For example, a “January 15, 1926” cancellation mark on a “1/3 divided back” postcard was published before 1926-01-16 but must have been published after 1907-03-28 (March 28, 1907). Therefore, this range is given in the Date field. Limits are assigned to the images themselves (not the artifacts) when external evidence is available, as noted in the Associated Date(s) field.

Example

Record [lw0081] (The eighty-first record in the Michael Lewis Collection).

Date

March 1, 1918 to February 14, 1933

Associated Date

January 1, 1915 to January 31, 1915

This postcard was published between March 1st, 1918 and February 14th, 1933. The photograph reproduced on the postcard was shot in January of 1915.

 

Contributors

If you have information about an image in this collection, either to identify its contents, report a sighting or citing in another printed version, or to suggest a revision to an entry, please consider collaborating on this project. Communications in Chinese, Japanese, or English are welcome. Send to General Editor Paul D. Barclay at barclayp@lafayette.edu. Please include your name, email address, title/position, and an image # or image numbers to identify the images to which you refer. The editor will do his best to verify as much of the submitted information as possible, realizing that many contributors will far exceed him in expertise and authority.

Citation Formats

East Asia Image Collection. Easton, PA: Lafayette College, 2012. https://ldr.lafayette.edu/collections/east-asia-image-collection ([Date Accessed]), image [image #].

East Asia Image Collection, (Easton, PA: Lafayette College, 2012), https://ldr.lafayette.edu/collections/east-asia-image-collection ([Date Accessed]), image [image #].